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Wednesday, August 29, 2012

ઝવેરચંદ મેઘાણી


ઝવેરચંદ મેઘાણી

ઝવેરચંદ કાળીદાસ મેઘાણી
જન્મની વિગત૨૮-૦૮-૧૮૯૬
ચોટીલાસુરેન્દ્રનગરગુજરાત
મૃત્યુની વિગત૦૯-૦૩-૧૯૪૭ (૫૦ વર્ષ)
બોટાદભાવનગરગુજરાત
રાષ્ટ્રીયતાભારતીય
અભ્યાસસંસ્કૃતમાં સ્નાતક
વ્યવસાયસાહિત્યકાર (કવિ, લેખક)
ખિતાબરાષ્ટ્રીય શાયર
જીવનસાથીદમયંતીબેન
માતા-પિતાધોળીબાઈ-કાળીદાસ
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ઝવેરચંદ મેઘાણીનો જન્મ સવંત ૧૮૯૬ માં ગુજરાતનાં ચોટીલા ગામમાં થયો હતો. તેમનાં માતાનું નામ ધોળીબાઈ તથા પિતાનું નામ કાળીદાસ મેઘાણી હતું કે જેઓ બગસરાનાં જૈન વણીક હતાં. તેમના પિતાની નોકરી પોલીસ ખાતામાં હતી અને પોલીસ ખાતા થકી તેમની બદલીઓ થવાને કારણે તેમણે પોતાના કુટુંબ સાથે ગુજરાતનાં અલગ અલગ ગામોમાં રહેવાનું થયું. ઝવેરચંદેનું ભણતર રાજકોટદાઠા,પાળીયાદ, બગસરા વગેરે જગ્યાઓએ થયું. તેઓ સવંત ૧૯૧૨માં મૅટ્રીકની પરીક્ષામાં ઉત્તીર્ણ થયા. સવંત ૧૯૧૬માં તેઓએ ભાવનગરનાં શામળદાસ મહાવિદ્યાલયમાંથી અંગ્રેજી તેમજ સંસ્કૃતમાં સ્નાતકીય ભણતર પુરુ કર્યું.
ભણતર પુરુ કર્યા બાદ સવંત ૧૯૧૭માં તેઓ કોલકાતા સ્થિત જીવનલાલ લીમીટેડ નામની એક એલ્યુમિનીયમની કંપનીમાં કામે લાગ્યા. આ કંપનીમાં કામ કરતી વખતે તેઓને એકવાર ઈંગ્લેંડ જવાનું પણ થયું હતું. ૩ વર્ષ આ કંપનીમાં કામ કર્યા બાદ વતનના લગાવથી તેઓ નોકરી છોડીને બગસરા સ્થાયી થયા. સવંત ૧૯૨૨માં જેતપુર સ્થિત દમયંતીબેન સાથે તેમના લગ્ન થયા. નાનપણથીજ ઝવેરચંદને ગુજરાતી સાહિત્યનું ધણું ચિંતન રહ્યું હતું અને તેમના કલકત્તા રહ્યા દરમ્યાન તેઓ બંગાળી સાહિત્યનાં પરિચયમાં પણ આવ્યા હતાં. બગસરામાં સ્થાયી થયા બાદ તેમણે રાણપુરથી પ્રકાશીત થતાં 'સૌરાષ્ટ્ર' નામનાં છાપામાં લખવાની શરુઆત કરી હતી. આ સમય દરમ્યાન તેઓએ પોતાના સાહિત્યીક લખાણને ગંભીરતાપુર્વક લઈ ‘કુરબાનીની કથાઓ’ ની રચના કરી કે જે તેમની પહેલી પ્રકાશીત પુસ્તક પણ રહી. ત્યાર બાદ તેઓએ 'સૌરાષ્ટ્રની રસધાર' નું સંકલન કર્યુ તથા બંગાળી સાહિત્યમાંથી ભાષાંતર કરવાની પણ શરુઆત કરી.
કવિતા લેખનમાં તેમણે પગલાં 'વેણીનાં ફુલ' નામનાં સવંત ૧૯૨૬માં માંડ્યા. સવંત ૧૯૨૮માં તેમને લોકસાહિત્યમાં તેમનાં યોગદાન બદલ રણજિતરામ સુવર્ણચંદ્રક આપવામાં આવ્યું હતું. તેમનાં સંગ્રામ ગીતોનાં સંગ્રહ 'સિંઘુડો' - એ ભારતનાં યુવાનોને પ્રેરીત કર્યા હતાં અને જેને કારણે સવંત ૧૯૩૦માં ઝવેરચંદને જેલ થઈ હતી. આ સમય દરમ્યાન તેમણે ગાંધીજીની રાઉન્ડ ટેબલ કોન્ફરન્સ માટેની લંડન મુલાકાત ઉપર 'ઝેરનો કટોરો’ કાવ્યની રચનાં કરી હતી. ગાંધીજીએ ઝવેરચંદ મેઘાણીને રાષ્ટ્રીય શાયરના બિરુદથી નવાજ્યા હતાં. તેમણે ફુલછાબ નામનાં છાપામાં લઘુકથાઓ લખવાનું પણ ચાલુ કર્યુ હતું. સવંત ૧૯૩૩માં તેમનાં પત્નીનાં દેહાંત બાદ તેઓ ૧૯૩૪માં મુંબઈ સ્થાઈ થયા. અહીં તેમનાં લગ્ન ચિત્રદેવી સાથે થયા. તેમણે જન્મભૂમિ નામનાં છાપામાં 'કલમ અને કીતાબ' નાં નામે લેખ લખવાની તેમજ સ્વતંત્ર નવલકથાઓ લખવાની શરુઆત કરી. સવંત ૧૯૩૬ થી ૧૯૪૫ સુધી તેઓએ ફુલછાબનાં સંપાદકની ભુમીકા ભજવી જે દરમ્યાન ૧૯૪૨માં 'મરેલાનાં રુધીર' નામની પોતાની પુસ્તીકા પ્રકાશિત કરી. સવંત ૧૯૪૬માં તેમની પુસ્તક 'માણસાઈનાં દીવા' ને મહીડાં પારિતોષિકથી સન્માનવામાં આવ્યું હતું અને તે જ વર્ષે તેમને ગુજરાતી સાહિત્ય પરિષદનાં સાહિત્ય વિભાગનાં વડા તરીકે નીમવામાં આવેલાં.
૯મી માર્ચ ૧૯૪૭નાં દિવસે, ૫૦ વર્ષની ઉંમરે, હ્રદય રોગના હુમલામાં તેમના બોટાદ સ્થિત નિવાસસ્થાને તેમણે ચિરવિદાચ લીધી.
(સાભાર :-વિકિપેડિયા) 

રાકેશ શર્મા

Sharma joined the Indian Air Force and progressed rapidly through the
ranks. Sharma, then a Squadron Leader and pilot with the Indian Air
Force embarked on a historic mission in 1984 as part of a joint space
program between the Indian Space Research Organisation and the Soviet
Intercosmos space program, and spent eight days in space aboard the
Salyut 7 space station. Launched along with two Soviet cosmonauts
aboard Soyuz T-11 on the 3 April 1984, Sharma was 35-year-old. During
the flight, Sharma conducted multi-spectral photography of northern
India in anticipation of the construction of hydroelectric power
stations in the Himalayas. In a famous conversation, he was asked by
the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi how India looked from space, to
which he replied, ''Main binaa jhijhak ke keh sakta hoon.., Sare Jahan
Se Achcha" (a reference to an iconic poem used in India's freedom
struggle, usually referred to as 'Saare jahaan se achha Hindustan
hamara,' our land of Hindustan, is the Best in the world').
He was conferred with the honour of Hero of Soviet Union upon his
return from space. The Government of India conferred its highest
gallantry award (during peace time), the Ashoka Chakra on him and the
other two Soviet members of his mission.

(સાભાર:-વિકિપેડિયા)
(VIA-EMAIL)
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From:-
V.K.MEVADA

ABCD-1234

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From:-
V.K.MEVADA

Tuesday, August 28, 2012

ડૉ. વિક્રમ સારાભાઇ

Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai (Gujarati: વિક્રમ અંબાલાલ સારાભાઇ) (12 August
1919 – 31 December 1971) was an Indian physicist. He is considered to
be the father of the Indian space program.
Contents [hide]
1 Biography
1.1 Early years and education
1.2 Marriage and children
1.3 Physical Research Laboratory
1.4 Death
2 Indian space programme
3 Awards
4 Distinguished Positions
5 Honors
6 References
7 External links
Biography

Early years and education
Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai was born on 12 August 1919 in the city of
Ahmedabad, in the state of Gujarat in western India. The Sarabhai
family was an important and rich Jain business family. His father
Ambalal Sarabhai was an affluent industrialist and owned many mills
including some textile mills in Gujarat. Vikram Sarabhai was one of
the eight children of Ambalal and Sarla Devi.
[edit]Marriage and children
In September, 1942, Vikram Sarabhai married Mrinalini Sarabhai, a
celebrated classical dancer. The wedding was held in Chennai without
anyone from Vikram's side of the family attending the wedding ceremony
because of the ongoing Quit India movement led by Mahatma Gandhi.
Vikram and Mrinalini had two children - Kartikeya and Mallika. Vikram
Sarabhai had a troubled marriage and was in a long term relationship
with Dr.Kamala Choudhary.[3]
His daughter Mallika Sarabhai was awarded the Padma Bhushan, India's
third highest civilian honor for the year 2010 and his son Kartikeya
Sarabhai was awarded the Padma Shri in 2012.
[edit]Physical Research Laboratory
Sarabhai returned to an independent India in 1947. Looking at the
needs of the country, he persuaded charitable trusts controlled by his
family and friends to endow a research institution near home in
Ahmedabad. This led to the creation of the Physical Research
Laboratory (PRL) in Ahmedabad on November 11, 1947.

Death
Sarabhai died on 31 December 1971 at Halcyon Castle,
Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. He was visiting Thiruvananthapuram to
attend the foundation stone laying ceremony of the Thumba railway
station being built to service the newly created Thumba Equatorial
Rocket Launching Station.
[edit]Indian space programme

The establishment of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) was
one of his greatest achievements. He successfully convinced the
government of the importance of a space programme for a developing
country like India after the Russian Sputnik launch. Dr. Sarabhai
emphasized the importance of a space programme in his quote:
"There are some who question the relevance of space activities in a
developing nation. To us, there is no ambiguity of purpose. We do not
have the fantasy of competing with the economically advanced nations
in the exploration of the moon or the planets or manned space-flight."
"But we are convinced that if we are to play a meaningful role
nationally, and in the community of nations, we must be second to none
in the application of advanced technologies to the real problems of
man and society."
Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha, widely regarded as the father of India's
nuclear science program, supported Dr. Sarabhai in setting up the
first rocket launching station in India. This center was established
at Thumba near Thiruvananthapuram on the coast of the Arabian Sea,
primarily because of its proximity to the equator. After a
remarkable[citation needed] effort in setting up the infrastructure,
personnel, communication links, and launch pads, the inaugural flight
was launched on November 21, 1963 with a sodium vapour payload.
As a result of Dr. Sarabhai's dialogue with NASA in 1966, the
Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) was launched
during July 1975 – July 1976 (when Dr.Sarabhai was no more).
Dr. Sarabhai started a project for the fabrication and launch of an
Indian satellite. As a result, the first Indian satellite, Aryabhata,
was put in orbit in 1975 from a Russian Cosmodrome.
Dr. Sarabhai was very interested in science education and founded a
Community Science Centre at Ahmedabad in 1966. Today, the centre is
called the Vikram A Sarabhai Community Science Centre.
He led the family's 'Sarabhai' diversified business group.
His interests varied from science to sports to statistics. He set up
Operations Research Group (ORG), the first market research
organization in the country.
Sarabhai established many institutes which are of international
repute. Most notable among them are [Nehru Foundation for Development,
Ahmedabad][NFD, (www.nfdindia.org)\Indian Institutes of Management
(IIMs) which are considered world class for their management studies.
Also he helped establish Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), which is
doing commendable job[4][5] in R&D in physics. Sarabhai set up
Ahmedabad Textiles Industrial Research Association (ATIRA), which
helped the booming textiles business in Ahmedabad. He also set up
Center for Environmental Planning and Technology (CEPT). Not stopping
with all these he went ahead and set up Blind Men Association (BMA)
which helps visually challenged people with necessary skills and
support. And along with wife Mrinalini Sarabhai he founded Darpana
Academy of Performing Arts. Other well known institutions established
by him include Faster Breeder Test Reactor (FBTR) in Kalpakkam,
Varaiable Energy Cyclotron Project in Calcutta, Electronics
Corporation of India Limited (ECIL) in Hyderabad and Uranium
Corporation of India Limited (UCIL) in Jaduguda, Bihar.
[edit]Awards

Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award (1962)
Padma Bhushan (1966)
Padma Vibhushan, posthumous (after-death) (1972)

--
From:-
V.K.MEVADA

Monday, August 27, 2012

નીલ આર્મસ્ટ્રોંગ

Neil Alden Armstrong (August 5, 1930 – August 25, 2012) was the first
person to walk on the Moon, as well as an American astronaut, test
pilot, aerospace engineer, university professor and United States
Naval Aviator. Before becoming an astronaut, Armstrong was a United
States Navy officer and served in the Korean War. After the war, he
served as a test pilot at the National Advisory Committee for
Aeronautics High-Speed Flight Station, now known as the Dryden Flight
Research Center, where he logged over 900 flights. He graduated from
Purdue University and completed graduate studies at the University of
Southern California.

A participant in the U.S. Air Force's Man In Space Soonest and X-20
Dyna-Soar human spaceflight programs, Armstrong joined the NASA
Astronaut Corps in 1962. His first spaceflight was the NASA Gemini 8
mission in 1966, for which he was the command pilot, becoming one of
the first U.S. civilians in space. On this mission, he performed the
first manned docking of two spacecraft with pilot David Scott.

Armstrong's second and last spaceflight was as mission commander of
the Apollo 11moon landing in July 1969. On this mission, Armstrong and
Buzz Aldrin descended to the lunar surface and spent 2½ hours
exploring, while Michael Collins remained in orbit in the Command
Module. Armstrong was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom
byPresident Richard Nixon along with Collins and Aldrin, the
Congressional Space Medal of Honor by President Jimmy Carter in 1978,
and the Congressional Gold Medal in 2009.

On August 25, 2012, Armstrong died in Cincinnati, Ohio,[1] at the age
of 82 due to complications from blocked coronary arteries.

(સૌજન્ય:-વિકિપીડિયા)

(Via-E-Mail)
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From:-
V.K.MEVADA

Sunday, August 26, 2012

DR. S. Radhakrishnan

Born: September 5, 1888
Died: April 17, 1975
Achievements: First Vice President and second President of India.
Placed Indian philosophy on world map.

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was first Vice President of India and second
President of India. He was also a philosopher and introduced the
thinking of western idealist philosophers into Indian thought. He was
a famous teacher and his birthday is celebrated as Teacher's Day in
India.

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was born on September 5, 1888 at Tirutani,
Madras in a poor Brahmin family. As his father was poor Radhakrishnan
supported most of his education through scholarships. Dr. Sarvepalli
Radhakrishnan had his early education at Gowdie School, Tiruvallur and
then went to the Lutheran Mission School in Tirupati for his high
school. He joined the Voorhee's College in Vellore and later switched
to the Madras Christian College. He chose Philosophy as his major
subject and did his B.A. and M.A. in it.

After completing his M.A., Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, accepted an
Assistant Lectureship at the Madras Presidency College in 1909. In
college, he mastered the classics of Hindu philosophy, namely the
Upanishads, Bhagvad Gita, Brahmasutra, and commentaries of Sankara,
Ramunuja and Madhava. He also acquainted himself with Buddhist and
Jain philosophy and philosophies of Western thinkers such as Plato,
Plotinus, Kant, Bradley, and Bergson.

In 1918, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was selected as Professor of
Philosophy by the University of Mysore. In 1921, Radhakrishnan was
nominated as Professor of Philosophy at the Calcutta University, 1921.
In 1923, Dr. Radhakrishnan's book "Indian Philosophy" was published.
The book was hailed as a "philosophical classic and a literary
masterpiece."

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was called to Oxford University, to deliver
lectures on Hindu philosophy. He used his lectures as a platform to
further India's cause for freedom. He also argued that Western
philosophers, despite all claims to objectivity, were biased by
theological influences from their wider culture. He showed that Indian
philosophy, once translated into standard academic jargon, is worthy
of being called philosophy by Western standards. He thus placed Indian
Philosophy on world map.

In 1931, Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was elected Vice Chancellor of
the Andhra University. In 1939, Radhakrishnan became the Vice
Chancellor of the Benaras Hindu University. In 1946, he was appointed
as Ambassador to UNESCO. After Independence Dr. Radhakrishnan was
requested to Chair the University Education Commission in 1948. The
Radhakrishnan Committee's suggestions helped mould the education
system for India's needs.

In 1949, Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was appointed ambassador to the
Soviet Union. He helped laid the foundation for a strong relationship
with Soviet Union. Radhakrishnan was elected first Vice-President of
India in 1952. He was honored with the Bharat Ratna in 1954. After
serving two terms as Vice-President, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was
elected President of India in 1962. During his tenure as President
India fought wars with China and Pakistan. As President he helped see
India through those trying years safely. He retired as President in
1967 and settled in Madras.

Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan died on April 17, 1975.

(સાભાર :- http://www.iloveindia.com )

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From:-
V.K.MEVADA

Saturday, August 25, 2012

First in India

Male

The first President of Indian Republic Dr. Rajendra Prasad
The first Prime Minister of free India Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru
The first Indian to win Nobel Prize Rabindranath Tagore
The first President of Indian National Congress W.C. Banerjee
The first Muslim President of Indian National Congress Badruddin Tayyabji
The first Muslim President of India Dr. Zakir Hussain
The first British Governor General of India Lord William Bentinck(1833-1835)
The first British Governor General of Bengal Lord Warren Hasting(1774-1885)
The first British Viceroy of India Lord Canning
The first Governor General of free India Lord Mountbatten
The first and the last Indian to be Governor General of free India C.
Rajgopalachari
The first man who introduced printing press in India James Hicky
The first Indian to join the I.C.S Satyendra Nath Tagore
India's first man in Space Rakesh Sharma
The first Prime Minister of India who resigned without completing the
full term Morarji Desai
The first Indian Commander-in-Chief of India General Cariappa
The first Chief of Army Staff Gen. Maharaj Rajendra Singhji
The first Indian Member of the Viceroy's executive council S.P.Sinha
The first President of India who died while in office Dr. Zakhir Hussain
The first Muslim President of Indian Republic Dr. Zakhir Hussain
The first Prime Minister of India who did not face the Parliament Charan Singh
The first Field Marshal of India S.H.F. Manekshaw
The first Indian to get Nobel Prize in Physics C.V.Raman
The first Indian to receive Bharat Ratna award Dr. Radhakrishnan
The first Indian to cross English Channel Mihir Sen
The first Person to receive Jnanpith award Sri Shankar Kurup
The firs Speaker of the Lok Sabha Ganesh Vasudeva Mavalankar
The first Vice-President of India Dr. Radhakrishnan
The first Education Minister Abdul Kalam Azad
The first Home minister of India Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel
The first Indian Air Chief Marshal S. Mukherjee
The first Indian Naval Chief Vice Admiral R.D. Katari
The first Judge of International Court of Justice Dr. Nagendra Singh
The first person to reach Mt. Everest without oxygen Sherpa Anga Dorjee
The first person to get Param Vir Chakra Major Somnath Sharma
The first Chief Election Commissioner Sukumar Sen
The first person to receive Magsaysay Award Acharya Vinoba Bhave
The first person of Indian origin to receive Nobel Prize in
Medicine Hargovind Khurana
The first Chinese traveller to visit India Fahein
The first person to receive Stalin Prize Saifuddin Kitchlu
The first person to resign from the Central Cabinet Shyama Prasad Mukherjee
The first person to receive Nobel Prize in Economics Amartya Sen
The first Chief Justice of Supreme Court Justice Hirala J. Kania
The first Indian Pilot J.R.D. Tata (1929)

Female

The first lady to become Miss World Rita Faria
The first woman judge in Supreme Court Mrs. Meera Sahib Fatima Bibi
The first woman Ambassador Miss C.B. Muthamma
The first woman Governor of a state in free India Mrs Sarojini Naidu
The first woman Speaker of a State Assembly Shanno Devi
The first woman Prime Minister Mrs Indira Gandhi
The first woman Minister in a Government Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
The first woman to climb Mount Everest Bachhendri Pal
The first woman to climb Mount Everest twice Santosh Yadav
The first woman President of Indian National Congress Mrs Annie Besant
The first woman pilot in Indian Air Force Harita Kaur Dayal
The first woman Graduates Kadambini Ganguly and Chandramukhi Basu, 1883
The first woman Airline Pilot Durga Banerjee
The first woman Honours Graduate Kamini Roy, 1886
The first woman Olympic medal Winner Karnam Malleswari, 2000
The first woman Asian Games Gold Medal Winner Kamlijit Sandhu
The first woman Lawyer Cornelia Sorabjee
The first woman President of United Nations General Assembly Mrs
Vijaya Laxmi Pandit
The first woman Chief Minister of an Indian State Mrs Sucheta Kripalani
The first woman Chairman of Union Public Service Commission Roze Millian Bethew
The first woman Director General of Police Kanchan Chaudhary Bhattacharya
The first woman Judge Anna Chandy (She became judge in a district court in 1937)
The first woman Cheif Justice of High Court Mrs Leela Seth (Himachal
Pradesh High Court)
The first woman Judge in Supreme Court of India Kumari Justice M. Fathima Beevi
The first woman Lieutenant General Puneeta Arora
The first woman Air Vice Marshal P. Bandopadhyaya
The first woman chairperson of Indian Airlines Sushma Chawla
The first woman IPS officer Mrs. Kiran Bedi
The first and last Muslim woman ruler of India Razia Sultan
The first woman to receive Ashoka Chakra Nirja Bhanot
The first woman to receive Jnanpith Award Ashapurna Devi
The first woman to cross English Channel Aarti Saha
The first woman to receive Nobel Prize Mother Teresa
The first woman to receive Bharat Ratna Mrs Indira Gandhi
The first woman to receive Jnanpith Award Ashpurna Devi

(સૌજન્ય :-http://www.facts-about-india.com)

(via email)--
From:-
V.K.MEVADA

Friday, August 24, 2012

HTAT-Court Order

(સૌજન્ય :http://gujarathc-casestatus.nic.in/gujarathc/Disclaim.jsp)
--HTAT-Court Order(23/8/12)
From:-
V.K.MEVADA

Thursday, August 23, 2012

મુશિ-માંથી-મશિ

(via-email)
(સૌજન્ય:-http://mastermanan.blogspot.in/)
--
From:-
V.K.MEVADA

Wednesday, August 15, 2012

66મો-સ્વાતંત્ર દિન

શ્રી અંતરજાળ પ્રા.શાળામાં યોજાયેલ ૬૬-માં સ્વાતંત્ર દિવસ નિમિતે યોજાયેલ
ધ્વજવંદન વિધિ ગામના સરપંચ શ્રી મુકેશભાઈ તેમની ઉપસ્થિતિમાં થયેલ , તેઓ
શ્રીએ ધ્વજ ફરકાવેલ ....શાળાના બાળકોએ વિવિધ રંગારંગ સાંસ્કૃતિક
કાર્યક્રમ રજુ કરેલ , સતેજ સંચાલન શ્રી ગઢવીભાઈ (મ.શિ.)દ્વારા થયેલ ,
આભારવિધિ મ.શિ. શ્રી વી.કે.મેવાડા દ્વારા તથા કાર્યક્રમ નું સમગ્ર આયોજન
શિક્ષક સ્ટાફ સાથે મળી શાળાના આચાર્ય શ્રી એ.સી.સોની સાહેબ દ્વારા થયેલ.
દાતાશ્રીઓ , ગામ અગ્રણીઓ ,સરપંચ શ્રી, SMC સૌએ સહકાર આપેલ. આ સાથે સુંદર
રીતે આજનો આ કાર્યક્રમ પૂર્ણ થયેલ .













Sunday, August 12, 2012

Saturday, August 11, 2012

NIOS Exam Papers


SENIOR SECONDARY
Subject Code&Name
April 2006
April 2007
April 2008
April 2009
April 2010
April 2011
301 - Hindi
-
315 -History
316(Geography)
317(Political-Science)
328 -Psychology
331 -Sociology
-

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